When speaking about graphene, we should initially state the all-natural mineral graphite that is commonly present in our day-to-day live.
As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a layered product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are organized layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the very same layer “hold hands” and are carefully connected, yet the mix of carbon atoms between various layers is loose, like a stack of playing cards. With a gentle push, the cards will certainly move apart.
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From the viewpoint of chemical structure, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, metal crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the exact same layer form covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is connected to three other carbon atoms, and six carbon atoms form a routine hexagonal ring on the exact same aircraft, stretching to form a sheet structure.
If graphite is a pile of playing cards, then graphene is just one of the cards in this pile of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material made up of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Piling graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite contains regarding 3 million layers of graphene.
Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to remove a solitary layer structure.
More than 20 years back, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, researchers at the University of Manchester in the UK, believed that there need to be a means to acquire a solitary layer of graphite.
Exactly how can a solitary layer of graphite be removed? Researchers took a very “straightforward and unrefined” approach – sticking it with tape.
“Just like when we create a typo theoretically, we will certainly stick the typo with tape.” Based on this, researchers boldly associate that if tape can adhere to the surface of paper, can it likewise stick to layers of graphite?
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In the experiment, researchers stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was split right into 2. Although the thickness of graphite right now is still far from that of a single layer of graphite, scientists have verified the expediency of this technique – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By insisting on using this “mechanical exfoliation method” to duplicate the procedure, they lastly acquired a thin sheet containing only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.
However, this technique of repetitively exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to get graphene has reduced production effectiveness and can only be made use of to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.
Later on, with the renovation of scientific and technical degrees, the preparation approach of graphene has also made excellent progression. Presently, along with this standard physical and mechanical peeling method, there are likewise several methods for preparing graphene, such as redox technique, solvent peeling technique, chemical vapor deposition, and so on
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